| Logo |
Standard |
Abbreviation |
Sponsor |
| 1. Base
Standards |
| |
| 1.1 Markup Languages |
 |
Standard Generalized Markup Language |
SGML |
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC 18 |
| |
An international standard (ISO 8879) published in 1986 that prescribes
a standard format for embedding descriptive markup within a document, as
well as specifying a standard method for describing the structure of a
document.
|
| |
http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=16387
ftp://ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/SGML/TEI/P3SG.DOC
http://www.arbortext.com/data/getting_started_with_SGML/getting_started_with_sgml.html |
 |
Hypertext Markup Language |
HTML |
W3C |
| |
A language for the exchange of scientific and other
technical documents, suitable for use by non-document specialists, which
addressed the problem of SGML complexity by specifying a small set of
structural and semantic tags suitable for authoring relatively simple
documents and providing support for hypertext, and which became the
universal markup language used to create the World Wide Web. |
| |
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/ |
|
Extensible Hypertext Markup Language |
XHTML |
W3C |
| |
An extension of HTML 4.01 that defines a single namespace
for html: http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml, that
relies on HTML 4.01 for the semantics and data types of elements and
attributes, that defines XHTML 1.0 XHTML corresponding to XHTML strict,
transitional and frameset DTDs, and that provides guidelines for authoring
XHTML documents for delivery to existing Web browsers. |
| |
http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#xhtml
http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/ |
|
Extensible Markup Language |
XML |
W3C |
| |
A subset of SGML whose goal is to enable generic SGML
to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now
possible with HTML and that has been designed for ease of implementation
and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. |
| |
http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml |
| |
| 1.2 Metadata Resources |
|
Resource Description Framework |
RDF |
W3C |
| |
A language designed to support the Semantic Web, in
much the same way that HTML is the language that helped initiate the
original Web; a framework for supporting resource description, or metadata
(data about data), for the Web. RDF provides common structures that can be
used for interoperable XML data exchange. RDF follows the W3C design
principles of interoperability, evolution, and decentralization. |
| |
http://www.w3.org/RDF/ |
|
Metadata Registry |
Data Elements |
ISO/IEC JTC 1,
SC 32 |
| |
ISO 11179: A family of standards that specifies basic
aspects of data element composition, including metadata and that applies
to the formulation of data element representations and meaning as shared
among people and machines; ISO 11179 solutions do not apply to the
physical representation of data as bits and bytes at the machine
level. |
| |
http://www.diffuse.org/meta.html#ISO11179
http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/CombinedQueryResult.CombinedQueryResult?queryString=11179 |
 |
Unified Modeling Language |
UML |
OMG |
 |
A graphic language for visualizing, constructing and
documenting the artifacts of software systems. |
| |
http://www.uml.org/ |
 |
Dublin Core |
DC |
DCMI |
| |
Metadata that is used to supplement existing methods for
searching and indexing Web-based metadata, regardless of whether the
corresponding resource is an electronic document or a "real" physical
object; sponsored by the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. |
| |
http://dublincore.org/ |
| |
| 1.3 Character Encoding |
 |
UNIversal character enCODing system |
UNICODE |
UNICODE Consortium |
| |
An International Standard (fully synchronized with ISO/IEC
10646 in character repertoire and code points) that specifies a character
coding system designed to support the worldwide interchange, processing,
and display of texts written in the diverse languages of the modern world,
as well as of texts written in classical and
historical languages. |
| |
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/uni2book/uc20ch1.html
http://www.w3.org/TR/unicode-xml/ |
| |
| 1.4 Access Protocols and Interoperability
|
 |
Common Object Request Broker Architecture |
CORBA |
Object Management
Group (OMG) |
| |
An open, vendor-independent architecture and
infrastructure that computer applications use to work together over
networks |
| |
http://www.corba.org/ |
 |
Simple Object Access Protocol |
SOAP |
W3C |
| |
A lightweight and simple XML-based protocol that is designed
to exchange structured and typed information on the Web and whose purpose
is to enable rich and automated Web services based on a shared and open
Web infrastructure. |
| |
http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/
http://www.develop.com/soap/soapfaq.htm#1
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/nhp/Default.asp?contentid=28000523 |
| |
| 2. Content Creation |
| |
| 2.1 Authoring |
 |
Style Guides |
|
Enterprises |
| |
In-house style guides, usually targeted at specific text
types, designed to provide uniform quality and maintain company image and
either configured as standard, human-readable resources or as automated
style-checkers. |
| |
Perform a Web search to find links to many different types
of model style guides that you can use or that you can use as a model for
designing your own style guide. |
|
Single Source Authoring Solutions |
|
Enterprises
Vendors |
| |
In-house or vendor-supported SGML or XML-based systems whose
purpose is to create modular text components that are maintained in a
central text repository, possibly translated, used, and reused to
generate a variety of texts and text types (e.g., manuals, online
help, Webpages, etc.). |
| |
Perform Web search to view information on various vendor
options for single-source authoring solutions. |
 |
Quality Management Systems |
ISO 9000 |
ISO TC 176 |
| |
ISO 9000: Quality Management Systems; A family of standards
which comprises a generic international reference for quality requirements
in business to business dealings. |
| |
http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/iso9000-14000/iso9000/selection_use/iso9000family.html |
 |
Software Documentation |
IEEE 1603 |
IEEE |
| |
IEEE 1603:2001, Standard for Software User
Documentation: A component of the IEEE family on Software Engineering
which presents the minimum requirements for the structure, information
content, and format of user documentation, including both printed and
electronic documents used in the work environment by users of systems
containing software. |
| |
http://shop.ieee.org/store/product.asp?prodno=SS94976 |
| |
| 2.2 Text and Content Markup |
 |
XML Localisation Interchange File Format |
XLIFF |
OASIS |
| |
A format whose purpose is to store localisable data and
carry it from one step of the localisation process to the other, while
allowing interoperability between tools; supersedes Open
Tag and differs in features and purpose from TMX.
|
| |
http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/xliff/documents/xliff-specification.htm |
| Historical
and related formats & projects |
 |
Open Tag |
Open Tag |
opentag.com |
| |
An earlier standard xml markup format for storing,
manipulating, and using extracted text for localization purposes that is
no longer under development and that has been superseded by XLIFF. |
| |
http://www.opentag.com/xliff.htm#DiffWithOTF |
| |
| 3. Translation |
 |
Translation Contracts |
DIN 2345 |
DIN
Normen-ausschuß
Terminologie |
| |
DIN 2345, Ausgabe:1998-04, Übersetzungsaufträge
(Edition 1998-04, Translation contracts:
DIN standard
that specifies requirements for translation contracts, particularly
regarding the source text, cooperation between all parties involved in the
translation contract, selection of the translator, work procedures, the
target text (translation), and revision of translations. |
| |
http://www2.din.de/
http://www.doculine.com/news/1998/12_98/DIN2345.htm |
|
Austrian Standards
Institute |
Translation Contracts |
ÖNORM 1200 / 1201 |
ÖNORM TC ? |
| |
ÖNORM D 1200/1201: Translation and interpretation services,
Translation Services. Requirements of the service and the provision of the
service; Translation and interpretation services, Translation services.
Translation contracts. |
| |
|
 |
Translation and Localization QA |
ASTM F15.48 ???? |
ASTM TC F15.48 |
| |
ASTM F15.48, Consumer-Oriented Guide to Quality Assurance
in Translation and Localization : A guide designed to identify factors relevant to the
quality of language translation and localization services for each phase
of a project and to provide a framework within which the participants in a
services agreement can define the specifications necessary to arrive
at a product that satisfies defined customer needs. (Currently in
ballot) |
| |
http://accurapid.com/journal/11astm.htm |
 |
Translation Quality Metric |
SAE J2450 |
Translation Quality Metric Task Force |
| |
SAE J2450:2001, Translation Quality Metric : SAE
standard designed to develop an industry-wide metric for the evaluation of
translation quality, the objective of which is to establish a consistent
standard against which the translation quality of automotive service
information can be objectively measured, regardless of the source or
target language, or of how the translation is performed--i.e., human
translation or machine translation. |
| |
http://www.sae.org/technicalcommittees/j2450p1.htm
http://www.sae.org/servlets/productDetail?PROD_CD=J2450_200112&PROD_TYP=STD&COMMON_SUCCESS=TRUE |
American Translators
Association |
Framework for Error Marking |
|
ATA Certification
Committee |
| |
Critical Items List developed by the
ATA Certification Committee consisting of 20+ error categories used in the
evaluation of ATA certification exams. The framework is designed with the purpose of improving inter-rater reliability. |
| |
http://www.atanet.org |
 |
Translation Memory eXchange |
TMX |
LISA/OSCAR |
| |
An XML-based format designed to allow easier exchange of
translation memory data between tools and/or translation vendors with
little or no loss of critical data during the process. |
| |
http://www.lisa.org/tmx/tmx.htm
|
 |
TM Segmentation |
Segmentation |
LISA/OSCAR |
| |
A recently formed LISA/OSCAR work group whose task is to
examine the different ways that localization tools segment text for
translation and perform word counts, and to make recommendations on how to
achieve industry standards in these areas. |
| |
http://www.lisa.org/oscar/seg/ |
| |
| 4. Terminology and Lexicography Standards
|
| |
| 4.1 ISO TC 37 Terminology Standards |
|
Terminology Standards |
TC 37
Standards |
ISO TC 37 |
| |
ISO 639:1988 Code for the representation of names of
languages
ISO 639-2:1998 Code for the representation of
names of languages - Part 2: Alpha-3 code
ISO CD 639-3:2003
Code for the representation of names of languages - Part 3:
Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of
languages
ISO NWI 639-4:2003 Code for the
representation of names of languages - Part 4: Implementation guidelines
and general principles for language coding
ISO NWI 639-5:2003
Code for the representation of names of languages - Part 5:
Alpha-3 code for language families and groups
ISO NWI
639-6:2003 Code for the representation of names of languages -
Part 6: Alpha-? code [for dialects]
ISO 704:2000 Terminology
work - Principles and methods
ISO 860:1996 Terminology work -
Harmonization of concepts and terms
ISO 1087-1:2000 Terminology
work - Vocabulary - Part 1: Theory and application
ISO 1087-2:2000
Terminology work - Vocabulary - Part 2: Computer applications
ISO 1951:1997 Lexicographical symbols particularly for use in
classified defining vocabularies
ISO 6156:1987 Magnetic tape exchange
format for terminological/lexicographical records (MATER) [Withdrawn]
ISO 10241:1992 Preparation and layout of international
terminology standards
ISO 12199:2000(E) Alphabetical ordering
of multilingual terminological and lexicographical data represented in the
Latin alphabet
ISO 12200:1999 Computer applications in
terminology - Machine-readable terminology interchange format (MARTIF) -
Negotiated interchange
ISO 12616:2002 Translation-oriented
terminography
ISO/TR 12618:1994 Computer aids in terminology -
Creation and use of terminological databases and text corpora [Withdrawn]
ISO
12620:1999 Computer
applications in terminology - Data categories
ISO CD
12620-1:2003 Defining parameters for specifying data
categories for terminology collections and other language
resources
ISO CD 12620-2:2003 Computer
applications in terminology - Data categories for terminology
collections
ISO CD 12620-3:2003 Computer
applications in terminology - Data categories for electronic lexical
resources
Planned: Morpho-syntax, machine translation lexicons, a
standard for registering the language codes as data categories to be used
in the language resources metadata registry
ISO 15188:2001 Project management guidelines for
terminology standardization
SC 4: Other language
resources
Integration of TEI, EAGLES-ISLE, and other similar
initiatives into the ISO process |
| |
http://linux.infoterm.org/iso-e/i-iso.htm |
| |
| 4.2
Terminology and Lexicography Interchange
|
 |
TermBase eXchange |
TBX |
LISA/OSCAR |
| |
An ISO-16642 compliant open XML-based standard format for
exchanging terminological data while retaining complex embedding
structures. |
| |
http://www.lisa.org/tbx/ |
|
Terminology Markup Framework |
TMF |
ISO TC 37/
SC 3/WG 3 |
| |
ISO 16642; a metamodel that defines underlying
structures and mechanisms needed for the computer representation of
terminological data that is designed to express interchange information
between different TMLs (Terminology Markup Languages), but is not designed
to serve as a TML itself. |
| |
file:///C:/WINDOWS/Temporary%20Internet%20Files/Content.IE5/SHAVSDAV/256,1,ISO |
|
Lexical Resource Markup Framework |
LMF |
ISO ????? TC 37/
SC4 |
|
|
New work item proposal for ISO that
defines underlying structures and mechanisms needed for computer
representation of non-presentational lexical resource data designed to
facilitate interoperability with terminological, NLP, and ontological
resources. |
|
No link currently available. |
|
Data Categories |
Dat-Cats |
ISO TC 37/SC 3/WG 1 |
| |
ISO 12620; a metadata registry that
lists both open and closed data elements used in terminology management
and documented by TC 37/SC 3/WG 1.
The ISO 12620 family of standards
encompasses general guidelines for a global Data Category
Registry (DCR) (Part 1), for terminology (Part 2), for electronic lexical
resources Part 3), and will incorporate such thematic domains as morpho-syntactic markup, machine translation, etc.
The DCR will be maintained as an XML-RDF resource by a
formal Registration Authority. |
| |
http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=2517
http://www.loria.fr/projets/SALT/ |
 |
Open Lexicon Interchange Format |
OLIF |
OLIF Consortium |
| |
A format that focuses on the interchange of data among
lexbase resources from various machine translation systems. |
| |
http://www.olif.net/ |
| Historical
and related formats & projects |
 |
Terminology Interchange Format |
TEI-Term |
Text
Encoding
Initiative |
| |
An attempt to define the encoding of literary and linguistic
texts in electronic form using TEI headers, which are a SGML-based
metadata format for the documentation of these electronic text, including
TEI work group 13, which developed the TIF/E-TIF (Terminology Interchange
Format) as a component of the original TEI project. |
| |
http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/GL/P3/TE.htm |
|
MAchine-Readable Terminology Interchange Format |
MARTIF |
ISO TC 37/
SC 3/WG 3 |
| |
ISO 12200 (TIF, E-TIF); MAchine-Readable Terminology Interchange
Format; SGML terminology interchange format derived originally and
significantly modified from TEI-Term, which later evolved into LISA/OSCAR
TBX. |
| |
http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=21174
http://www.ttt.org/clsframe/ |
 |
SALT (See below) |
XLT |
SALT |
|
|
Standards-based Access to multilingual NLP Lexicon and
human-oriented Terminology resources, an EU/US-sponsored consortium, which
developed XLT/DXLT, an eXchange format for Lex/Term-data, which later
evolved into the TBX
format. |
| |
http://www.loria.fr/projets/SALT/ |
|
Geneter |
Geneter (See below) |
Geneter |
Geneter |
| |
Modèle GENErique pour la TERminologie; A terminology markup
language that provides a generic model for SGML-based representation of
terminological data that is designed to represent terminological data and
to serve as an intermediate format between different applications and
platforms. |
| |
http://www.uhb.fr/Langues/Craie/balneo/demo_geneter.pl?langue=1 |
| |
| 4.3 Controlled Language Standards |
 |
AECMA Simplified English |
AECMA SE |
AECMA & ATA |
| |
A controlled English standard based on research of
procedural texts in maintenance manuals by AECMA (European Association of
Aerospace Industries) and ATA (American Air Transport Association) project
groups, which is specified in the document PSC-85-16598 "A Guide for the
Preparation of Aircraft Maintenance Documentation in the International
Aerospace Maintenance Language". Also called: AECMA Simplified English
Guide for the Preparation of Aircraft Maintenance Documentation.
|
| |
http://www.aecma.org/Publications.htm |
|
Controlled English |
CE |
Misc. |
| |
A subset of a standard English that is restricted by
formalised writing rules, e.g., Ogden's BASIC (British American Scientific
International Commercial) English (http://www.marshallnet.com/~manor/basiceng/basiceng.html),
Perkins Approved Clear English or PACE (Perkins Engines), Simplified
English (Association Européenne des Constructeurs de Matériels
Aéronautiques — AECMA), Français Rationalisé (Groupement des Industries
Françaises Aéronautiques et Spatiales - GIFAS), Multinational Customized
English or MCE (Xerox), EasyEnglish (IBM), Caterpillar Technical English
or CTE, Controlled Automotive Service Language or CASL (General Motors),
Attempto Controlled English (ACE) (University of Zurich), and
Siemens-Dokumentationsdeutsch (SDD). |
| |
http://www.controlledenglish.com/history.html |
| |
| 5. Knowledge Structures (Ontologies and other Semantic
Mapping Frameworks) |
|
Web Ontology Language |
OWL |
W3C |
|
|
The OWL Web Ontology Language is
designed for use by applications that need to process the content of
information instead of just presenting information to humans. |
|
http://www.w3c.org/TR/owl-features |
 |
DARPA Agent Markup Language |
DAML-OIL |
DARPA |
 |
Ontology Inference Level |
OIL |
|
| |
A semantic markup language for Web resources that builds on
earlier W3C standards such as RDF and RDF Schema, extends these languages
with richer modeling primitives, provides modeling primitives commonly
found in frame-based languages, and has a clean and well defined semantics
based on description logics; the proposed backbone of the Semantic
Web. |
| |
http://www.daml.org/
http://www.darpa.mil/
http://dtsn.darpa.mil/ixo/daml.asp
http://www.ontoknowledge.org/oil/oilhome.shtml |
|
Topic Maps |
Topic Maps |
ISO/IEC JTC 1/
SC 34 |
| |
ISO/IEC 13250--Topic Maps; A set of information resources
regarded by a topic map application as a bounded object set whose hub
document is a topic map document conforming to the SGML architecture
defined by ISO/IEC 13250, 2nd ed. |
| |
http://www.topicmaps.org/
http://xml.coverpages.org/topicMaps.html
http://www.y12.doe.gov/sgml/sc34/document/0129.pdf |
| Historical
and related formats & projects |
 |
Simple HTML Ontology Extensions |
SHOE |
PLUS Group |
| |
An HTML-based knowledge representation language that is a
superset of HTML which adds the tags necessary to embed arbitrary semantic
data into Web pages. |
| |
http://www.cs.umd.edu/projects/plus/SHOE/ |
XOL |
XML-based Ontology interchange Language |
XOL |
Molecular Biology
Ontology WG |
| |
A language for ontology exchange designed to provide a
format for exchanging ontology definitions among a set of interested
parties. |
| |
http://xml.coverpages.org/xol.html |
 |
KIF |
Knowledge Interchange Format |
ANSI / NCITS |
| |
A language designed for use in the interchange of knowledge
among disparate computer systems (created by different programmers, at
different times, in different languages, and so forth). |
| |
http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html |
| |
| 6. Corpus-related Formats |
 |
Corpus Encoding Standard |
CES |
EAGLES/ISLE
ISO/TC 37/ SC 4 |
| |
EAGLES/ISLE standard that specifies a minimal encoding level
that corpora must achieve to be considered standardized in terms of
descriptive representation (marking of structural and typographic
information) as well as general architecture (so as to be maximally suited
for use in a text database) and that also provides encoding specifications
for linguistic annotation, together with a data architecture for
linguistic corpora. |
| |
http://www.cs.vassar.edu/CES/ |
|
XCES |
EAGLES/ISLE
ISO/TC 37/ SC 4 |
XML-based CES |
| |
An instantiation of the Corpus Encoding Standard (CES) DTDs
for linguistic EAGLES corpora, developed by the Department of Computer
Science, Vassar College, and Equipe Langue et Dialogue, LORIA/CNRS. |
| |
http://www.cs.vassar.edu/XCES/ |
 |
Multilingual Annotation Tools Engineering |
MATE |
EAGLES/ISLE |
| |
A project that aims to facilitate re-use of language
resources by addressing the problems of creating, acquiring, and
maintaining spoken dialogue language corpora through the development of a
standard for annotating resources and through the provision of tools which
will make the processes of knowledge acquisition and extraction more
efficient. |
| |
http://mate.nis.sdu.dk/ |
| |
| 7. Language and
Locale Specification |
|
Alpha-2 Code |
2-Letter
Language Code |
ISO TC 37/
SC 2/WG 1 |
| |
ISO 639-1; Codes for the Representation of Names of
Languages -- Alpha Code; International Standard that defines 2-letter
codes for languages, primarily for use in terminology, lexicography
and linguistics. |
| |
http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langcodes.html |
|
Alpha-3 Code |
3-Letter
Language Code |
ISO 639/JAC
TC 46/SC 4 |
| |
ISO 639-2; Codes for the Representation of Names of Languages -- Alpha
3 Code; a part of ISO 639 that provides two sets of three-letter
alphabetic codes for the representation of names of languages, one for
terminology applications and the other for bibliographic applications,
with the variation determined by the criteria used for formulating
them.
The set represented by ISO 639-2 is now expanding efficiently to
include a variety of additional languages not included in the original
collection. ISO 639-3 is slated to include the entire 6000+ language set
recognized by Ethnolog, subject resolution of various conflicts concerning
the grouping of some languages.
|
| |
http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langcodes.html |
 |
Languages of the World |
Ethnologue |
SIL |
| |
A computerized database for the 6,809 languages listed in
Ethnologue, Volume 1: Languages of the World, Fourteenth Edition, 2000,
which identifies all the language names and their alternates, and all the
dialect names and their alternates. |
| |
http://www.ethnologue.com/ethno_docs/introduction.asp |
|
Country Names and Code Elements |
Country Codes |
ISO TC 46/
WG 2 |
| |
ISO 3166: Codes for the representation of names of countries
and their subdivisions -- Part 1: Country codes |
| |
http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/02iso-3166-code-lists/index.html |
| |
Code for the representation of the names of scripts |
Script Code |
ISO TC 46/ SC 2 |
| |
ISO 15924: An International Standard that provides a code
for the presentation of names of scripts which were devised for use in
terminology, lexicography, and linguistics, but which may be used for any
application requiring the expression of scripts in coded form. |
| |
http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/index.html
|
|
*Locale Code |
xml:lang |
W3C |
| |
A reserved attribute of XML to specify the language of a
given content, generally consisting of a two-letter language code plus a
two-letter country code, with the stipulation that the alpha-3 codes can
be used in the absence of the two-letter codes (as per IETF RFC
3066). |
| |
http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-xml-19980210.html
http://www.w3.org/XML/xml-V10-2e-errata#E11
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt |
 |
Language Tag Specification |
language
tag |
IETF Network Working Group |
| |
Specification for a language tag for use in cases where it
is desired to indicate the language used in an information object, how to
register values for use in this language tag, and a construct for matching
such language tags. |
| |
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3066.html |
|
POSIX standards |
POSIX
locales |
PASC
IEEE, JTC1 |
|
A set of IEEE and ISO standards that define an interface
between programs and operating systems designed for UNIX, but interfaced
with other OS, such as Windows, etc., and which currently allows
programmers to control the following parameters: language, country or
region, collating sequence, character classification and case conversion,
numeric formatting, currency, date & time format, code set (in the
future, UNICODE), script, and possibly other aspects. |
| |
http://std.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC22/WG15/
http://osr5doc.ca.caldera.com:457/cgi-bin/man/man?setlocale+S |
 |
Microsoft National Language Support |
MS/NLS codes |
Microsoft Global
Software Development |
| |
A set of APIs and tables for locale support, offered by all
Microsoft Win32®-based systems. |
| |
http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/nlsweb/default.asp
http://www.microsoft.com/globaldev/gbl-gen/nls.asp#over |
 |
Coordinated Universal Time |
UTC |
BIPM |
| |
The international time standard, which was formerly commonly
referred to as Greenwich Meridian Time (GMT), whereby zero (0) hours UTC
is midnight in Greenwich, England, which lies on the zero longitudinal
meridian. Universal time is based on a 24 hour clock, therefore, afternoon
hours such as 4 pm UTC are expressed as 16:00 UTC (sixteen hours, zero
minutes). |
| |
http://www.metas.ch/en/labors/4/zeitskalen.html
http://www.boulder.nist.gov/timefreq/pubs/bulletin/nistusno.htm |
|
ISO Date and Time Standard |
Date & Time |
ISO TC 154 |
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ISO 8601: Data elements and interchange formats --
Information interchange -- Representation of dates and times |
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http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=26780&ICS1=1&ICS2=140&ICS3=30 |
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BSI Currency Code Service |
Currency Code |
Currency
and funds |
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ISO 4217; Codes for the representation of currencies and
funds |
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http://www.bsi-global.com/Technical+Information/Publications/_Publications/tig90x.doc |
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| Logo |
Description |
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| AECMA |
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The European Association of Aerospace Industries, AECMA, represents the aerospace industry in Europe in all matters of common interest on the level of aircraft/systems, engines, equipment and components. Its objective is to enhance the competitive development of the whole sector.
Members of the Association are the national aerospace associations of all 15 EU Member States and the Czech Republic, as well as the largest European aerospace companies, which form the Council of AECMA.
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http://www.aecma.org/ |
| ANSI |
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The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private, non-profit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system.
The Institute's mission is to enhance both the global competitiveness of U.S. business and the U.S. quality of life by promoting and facilitating voluntary consensus standards and conformity assessment systems, and safeguarding their integrity.
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http://www.ansi.org/ |
| ASTM |
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ASTM International is a not-for-profit organization that provides a global forum for the development and publication of voluntary consensus standards for materials, products, systems, and services. Formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM International provides standards that are accepted and used in research and development, product testing, quality systems, and commercial transactions around the globe.
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http://www.astm.org/
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| BIPM |
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The task of the BIPM is to ensure world-wide uniformity of measurements and their traceability to the International System of Units (SI). It does this with the authority of the Convention of the Metre, a diplomatic treaty between fifty-one nations, and it operates through a series of Consultative Committees, whose members are the national metrology laboratories of the Member States of the Convention, and through its own laboratory work.
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http://www.bipm.org/
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| DARPA |
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DARPA is the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Its mission is to maintain the technological superiority of the U.S. military and prevent technological surprise from harming our national security by sponsoring revolutionary, high-payoff research that bridges the gap between fundamental discoveries and their military use.
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http://www.darpa.mil/ |
| DublinCore |
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The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) is an open forum engaged in the development of interoperable online metadata standards that support a broad range of purposes and business models. DCMI's activities include consensus-driven working groups, global workshops, conferences, standards liaison, and educational efforts to promote widespread acceptance of metadata standards and practices. |
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http://www.dublincore.org/ |
| DIN |
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DIN, the German Institute for Standardization, is a registered association, founded in 1917. Its head office is in Berlin. Since 1975 it has been recognized by the German government as the national standards body and represents German interests at international and European level.
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http://www2.din.de/ |
| EAGLES/ISLE |
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The Expert Advisory Group on Language Engineering Standards (EAGLES) is an initiative of the European Commission, within DG XIII Linguistic Research and Engineering programme, which aims to accelerate the provision of standards for:
Very large-scale language resources,
Means of manipulating such knowledge,
Means of assessing and evaluating resources, tools and products.
ISLE
(International Standards for Language Engineering) is both the name of a
project and the name of an entire set of co-ordinated activities regarding
the Human Language Technology (HLT) field. ISLE acts under the aegis of
the EAGLES initiative. Its aim is to develop HLT standards within an
international framework, in the context of the EU-US International
Research Cooperation initiative.
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http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES/home.html
http://www.ilc.cnr.it/EAGLES96/isle/ISLE_Home_Page.htm |
| IANA |
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The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority is dedicated to preserving the central coordinating functions of the global Internet for the public good. The IANA keeps authoritative records concerning various numbers for other organizations. The record-keeping service IANA performs is called a registration service, and IANA serves as a registry.
In addition to IP addresses, IANA also serves as a registry for a variety of Protocol Numbers and several other kinds of names and identifiers.
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http://www.iana.org/ |
| IEEE |
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The IEEE (Eye-triple-E), or Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., is a non-profit, technical professional association with members in 150 countries. It promotes the engineering process of creating, developing, integrating, sharing, and applying knowledge about electro and information technologies and sciences through its technical publishing, conferences and consensus-based standards activities.
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http://www.ieee.org/ |
| IETF |
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The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is a large open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. It is open to any interested individual. |
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http://www.ietf.org/ |
| ISO |
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"ISO" is the official international short form of the International Organization for Standardization. The organization is a network of the national standards institutes of 147 countries, on the basis of one member per country, with a Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland, that coordinates the system. ISO standards are technical agreements which provide the framework for compatible technology worldwide. In all, there are more than 2 850 ISO technical groups in which some 30 000 experts participate annually to develop ISO standards. |
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http://www.iso.org |
| LISA/OSCAR |
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The Localization Industry Standards Association (LISA) is the premier organization for the GILT (Globalization, Internationalization, Localization, and Translation) business communities. LISA Initiatives, Conferences, and Training Programs help companies implement cost-effective and efficient international business model.
The mission of the OSCAR Segmentation Working Group, which is a part of LISA, is to define a common, open standard for documenting the segmentation rules used by any CAT tool for parsing formatted text into translation segments as a part of the effort to maximize the portability of translation memory data between CAT tools and limit the loss of any leverage.
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http://www.lisa.org/oscar/seg/
http://www.lisa.org/ |
| MICROSOFT |
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Founded in 1975, Microsoft is the worldwide leader in software, services and Internet technologies for personal and business computing. Its corporate mission is to enable people and businesses throughout the world to realize their full potential.
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http://www.microsoft.com/ |
| INCITS |
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The mission of the InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) is to create and maintain market-driven, voluntary consensus IT standards. INCITS is accredited by, and operates under rules approved by, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These rules are designed to ensure that voluntary standards are developed by the consensus of directly and materially affected interests. |
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http://www.incits.org/ |
| OASIS |
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The mission of OASIS is to drive the development, convergence, and adoption of structured information standards in the areas of e-business, web services, etc. OASIS members have formed Technical Committees (TCs) in a number of areas including the following: Horizontal and e-business framework, Web Services, Security, Public Sector, Vertical industry applications.
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http://www.oasis-open.org/ |
| OLIF |
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Established in March 2000, the OLIF Consortium had its first meeting on April 6, 2000 at SAP headquarters in Walldorf, Germany. The purpose of the consortium, which is headed by SAP, is to generate and support a lexical/terminological interchange standard based on the OLIF prototype (Open Lexicon Interchange Format).
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http://www.olif.net/ |
| OMG |
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The Object Management Group (OMG) is an open membership, not-for-profit consortium that produces and maintains computer industry specifications for interoperable enterprise applications. Its membership includes virtually every large company in the computer industry, and hundreds of smaller ones. Their flagship specification is the multi-platform Model Driven Architecture (MDA). CORBA is OMG's own middleware platform. |
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http://www.omg.org/ |
| OpenTag |
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This site is dedicated to the tools and technologies used in the localization of software, on-line help and documentation. Its aim is to provide information or data that could help to streamline localization processes.
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http://www.opentag.com/
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| SAE |
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The Society of Automotive Engineers is a resource for technical information and expertise used in designing, building, maintaining, and operating self-propelled vehicles for use on land or sea, in air or space. Its technical committees write more new aerospace and automotive engineering standards than any other standards-writing organization in the world. |
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http://www.sae.org/ |
| SALT |
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Membership in the Society for Applied Learning Technology is oriented to professionals in the field of instructional technology. It is a professional society with classes of membership keyed to the interest and experience of the individual. Its conferences cover areas such as distance learning, interactive multimedia in education and training, development of interactive instruction materials, performance support systems applications in education and training, interactive instruction delivery, and information literacy. |
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http://www.salt.org/ |
| SIL |
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By facilitating language-based development, SIL International (originally the Summer Institute of Linguistics) serves the peoples of the world through research, translation, and literacy. The SIL sponsored Ethnologue database has been an active research project for more than fifty years and is widely acknowledged as the most comprehensive listing of information about the currently-known languages of the world.
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http://www.sil.org/ |
| TEI |
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The TEI Consortium (TEI-C) has been established to maintain, develop, and further the use of the TEI standard. The goals of the consortium are to establish and maintain a home for the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) in the form of a permanent organizational structure, to ensure the continued funding of TEI-C activities (for example: editorial maintenance and development of the TEI guidelines and DTD, training and outreach activities, and services to members), and to create and maintain a governance structure for the TEI-C with broad representation of TEI user-communities.
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http://www.tei-c.org/ |
| UNICODE |
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The Unicode Consortium is a non-profit organization founded to develop, extend and promote use of the Unicode Standard, which specifies the representation of text in modern software products and standards. The membership of the consortium represents a broad spectrum of corporations and organizations in the computer and information processing industry. |
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http://www.unicode.org/ |
| W3C |
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The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) develops interoperable technologies (specifications, guidelines, software, and tools) to lead the Web to its full potential. W3C is a forum for information, commerce, communication, and collective understanding. |
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http://www.w3c.org/ |
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